
MEDICINE IN THE NEXT 100 YEARS
APPLYING LEECHES TO THE SKIN TO SUCK BLOOD, now
considered perverse and archaic, was once a common medical practice.
In a hundred years' time, many contemporary medical practices will be looked on in a similar light.
Two such abuses, for example, are the dangerous overuse of antibiotics; and the removal of healthy appendices 'just
in case' of a later inflammation - a common contemporary practice.
We will be looked back on as rather quaint to permit doctors to foist such 'cures' on us.
Of course, practices such as these seem quite usual today. And as for leeches - I expect that having a leech doctor
was the height of chic in the 18th century Western world. The poor must have looked on and thought, 'If only we
could afford leeches...'.
So - open your mind - cast your prejudices to the wind... while I touch on some of the exciting medical discoveries
now being made. They will revolutionise your view of healthcare over the coming decades.
Some of the questions I will answer over the next few issues of the HealthZine, are:
Will there soon be a cure for cancer or Alzheimer's disease?
The answer may surprise you.
Will old age become just another symptom to be treated?
Will the promised advances simply turn out to be another "band aid" in the way that drug medicine is?
Are scientists simply uncovering sinister dangers for the
human race?
Should we use the scientific secrets we discover? Or should we try to stop some of them becoming public
knowledge? We will certainly have the ability to replace more broken body parts - with bits of animals or tissue
'grown' in scientific labs; and, yes, we will be able to replace unwanted genes. But what should we do with this
information?
|
WILL OUR DISCOVERIES give
us more
free choice about our health
OR are we inevitably destined for a
FRANKENSTEIN FUTURE?
|
|
MODIFYING DNA First, let's look at DNA, which is where much of the exciting research of the moment
is being done.
WHAT IS DNA? De-oxy-ribo-Nucleic Acid. It is the key to reproduction. Without it - there would be no
children. (Stop that cheering!)
WHAT DOES IT DO? Following egg fertilisation, DNA splits in half, and then uses raw materials within the
cell (nucleic acids, actually) to re-complete itself. And there you have - as if by magic - a new strand of DNA in
a cell. The cell divides in two again and again, duplicating the new DNA in each cell. Eventually, a new individual
is formed.
WHAT ARE GENES? AND HOW ABOUT CHROMOSOMES? About 3% of the DNA tissue comprises the genes. These are
located on pairs of chromosomes - 23 pairs in the human being. The genes provide the blueprint of the human body,
deciding such things as colour of eyes, type of skin, height, and also the likelihood of our developing certain
diseases. About 5,000 diseases can be inherited through the genes.
There are around 100,000 genes in a human being. This is repeated in every cell of the body. Each gene consists
of long chains of BASE PAIRS of four kinds of nucleic acids called, for short, A, C, T and G. Think of it as a
long, thin jigsaw of 4 interlocking pieces, repeated over and over in differing orders. The precise order decides
the genetic make-up of a person. If we can learn the order of nucleic acids, and what the nucleic acids in a
particular position relate to, we can understand the genetic code.
Are you following this?
TO SUMMARISE
- BASE PAIRS, each one
containing two of the four nucleic acids (labelled A, C, T and G -
remember?) make up a type of 'jigsaw' which is called a GENE. These are
of various lengths, depending how complex the function is that a
particular gene controls.
- Each GENE is located
on one of 46 CHROMOSOMES arranged as 23 pairs, which appear in every
single cell of
the body;
- The CHROMOSOMES make
up 3% of the DNA - albeit a very important 3%. The other 97% is little
understood at present, but it obviously has a lot to do with
co-ordinating the activity of the genes.
|
|
Think of the DNA as a huge zip, or zipper. Imagin it twisted along its length, and this is the shape of our
DNA.
ONE OF MY PROOF READERS has had to wander off for a stiff drink after reading the previous 'simple' summary - and I
think he's taking the rest of the day off... so if I have gone too fast for you - I'm sorry. Rest assured you're
not alone!
Just remember... Base Pairs .. Genes .. Chromosomes .. DNA. See?
Simple!
I think I'd better lighten up a bit with some...
FACTS AND FIGURES Here are the number of BASE PAIRS in various organisms:
- E coli bacterium - 5 million base
pairs
- Fruit fly - 180 million
- Tomato - 700 million
- Human being - wait for it - 3,000
million base pairs
|
And here are the number of genes - out of the total of 100,000 -
which define and regulate some of the major parts of the human
body:
- Brain - 3,195
- Liver - 2,091
- Lung - 1,887
- Placenta -1,290
- Bone - 904
- Colon - 879
- Kidney - 712
- Skin - 620
- Eye - 547
|
Each of these genes govern a particular function of the part of the body in question. For example, a specific gene
in the Lung or Liver may give a tendency to develop cancer of that organ. Gene therapy is about replacing a gene
which produces disease with one which doesn't.
A MAJOR PIECE OF THE PUZZLE - THE MAP OF THE HUMAN
GENOME With a total of 3,000 million base pairs, it would be a big help to have a map of all of the
genes, showing exactly which gene on which chromosome controlled which function of a
part of the body. Creating this map was the aim of the US Government-sponsored Human Genome Project.
THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT The American government decided to fund a project to identify and label
every gene in the human genome. (The 'genome' is the collective name for all the genes of an organism. As mentioned
previously, this is the same in every cell in the body of that organism.)
Supported by some UK researchers, the US proposed to complete this huge task over fifteen years.
POLITICS REARS ITS UGLY HEAD! Francis Collins - head of the Project once said: "There is only one Human
Genome Project..." Wrong!
'Gene hunter' Craig Venter thought he could cut the time taken to map the human genome in half. His approach used a
'shotgun' method of splattering the DNA to pieces, and mapping it as part of the re-assembly process. This was too
messy for the government people. They said their method was superior. (So was the Beta max video format...)
So Venter got together with Tony White of the company Celera, who was as committed as Venter to sequencing the
genome.
Automatic sequencing machines ran day and night analysing DNA. Celera's electricity bill was around $1m a year!
US GOVERNMENT EAT YOUR HEART OUT Venter - a great self-publicist - was able to boast that the job would
be finished in 3 years - and at a tenth of the cost of the government effort.
Maybe it wouldn't be so thorough an approach - but Venter would iron out the errors in his findings by repeating it
several times, and cross checking.
WHOOPS! The government suddenly had second thoughts themselves - and decided they could speed up
considerably. Not enough to beat Celera though - who crossed the finishing line in April 2000. They had sequenced
the entire human genome several months earlier than even their own estimates.
LINKS Celera: www.celera.com/celerascience/index.cfm
Human Genome News - official newsletter of the Human Genome Project www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/hgn/hgn.html
A LOT OF WORK REMAINS A mammoth task has been completed - but that is just the beginning.
Now the hard work starts; making sense of the data, and extracting more.
Researchers can start to look more carefully at which genes are involved in diseases, which proteins those genes
create, and what each of the proteins do.
And there is still the job of identifying the role of the other 97% of the DNA - the bit apart from the genes.
Celera themselves say: 'Nothing will be absolutely understood anytime in this (21st) century.' But the basics are
there.
Whose method was better - the US government, or Venter/Celera? Hard to say - but one thing is certain - Venter sped
up the whole process by between five and ten years.
FRANKENSTEIN LIVES? The big question is: where do you draw the line between 'sensible
manipulation' of genes, or 'unacceptable meddling'?
Some people don't like the idea of messing around with genes. But if you - or your child - had a 50%
chance of developing a killer disease, and you had the opportunity of changing a gene which would avoid the disease
- would you take it?
If the chances of side-effects were slim, you probably would - unless you had contrary religious or moral
beliefs.
HOW SOON WILL THERE BE EASY ACCESS TO GENE THERAPY? This type of choice will definitely be available to
you in the fairly near future - in the next 10-20 years. Not for everything - but the therapy will cease to be a
novelty.
----------------------
DETOX will help to uild the body
2 Recommended Detox Methods
Many approaches to detox can work. Often, it is just a case of which approach suits you - so you can follow it
right through. Here are 2 approaches which have been carefully thought out.
Herbal 90-day Detox Diet Programme
This programme consists of unique herbal products for the three main detox organs: the Colon, the Liver and
the Kidneys, as well as a Detox Tea. The products for the 3 main detox organs are
available either in Capsules or as Drops, as you prefer. (Both are just a good - Drops are cheaper.)
This programme lasts 3 months, which is a good length of time. You also get unlimited free support by phone
and email. You can choose to spread the cost over 3 months if you wish.
This reputable company has been in business since 1982.
12 Steps to a Complete Body Detox.
A complete approach to detox, by Calvin Newstead. Calvin applied detox principles to himself
with tremendous success, then left a 20-year career to promote his detox approach.
You get the 12 steps book, and valuable information about acid/alkaline balance, candida, gluten, and other
topics. You are entitled to free lifetime updates.
There is an 8-week unconditional money back guarantee.
|