The Dangers of Sugar - And Some Alternatives
Sweet tooth
. Awaiting
revision 2007
In a recent U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) survey it was
revealed that the average American consumes the equivalent of 160
pounds of sugar a year - a 30% increase since the early 1980s.
That's the approximate equivalent of 53 heaped teaspoons of sugar
per person per day!
Early growth industry Sugar is
relatively new to the western world, being first introduced by the
Crusaders returning from their journeys, in the 11th Century. The
first record of sugar in England was in 1099, when it was a very
expensive luxury. To give you an idea, 320 years later when
sugar was much cheaper, it was selling in London at 2 shillings per
pound (today's equivalent of $100 per kilo).
When Columbus sailed to the Americas in 1493 it is recorded that he
took sugar cane plants with him to grow in the New World. The
plants thrived in the climate and the sugar cane industry grew.
British governments could see the huge profits that could be made
from sugar, and they taxed it heavily. In 1781 sugar tax totalled
£326,000. By 1815 the total was £3,000,000. The abolition of this
tax in 1874 by Prime Minister Gladstone, meant that sugar suddenly
became more affordable to the general public.
Bitter sweet Some of the dangers of
consuming refined sugar are well known - tooth decay and obesity -
but sugar can also suppress the immune system, and upset the body's
mineral balance. It can reduce helpful high-density cholesterol
(HDLs) and promote an elevation of harmful cholesterol (LDLs).
Sugar can cause hypoglycaemia, hormonal imbalance, varicose veins,
food allergies, hypertension and depression. Sugar is also
addictive; it can cause cravings for more food, particularly sweet
food, leading to over-eating.
The Alternative? Most slimmers will be
aware of aspartame - an artificial sweetener found in nearly all
'diet' drinks, yogurts, low calorie puddings... In fact, any sweet
food or drink product that claims it is 'sugar-free' or 'low
calorie' is likely to contain aspartame.
The demand for such foods is huge. To dieters (and to the companies
who manufacture these products) aspartame must seem like a
godsend.
In fact aspartame is seen by many as a dangerous, unstable chemical
compound.
Dubious history Aspartame
was discovered by accident in 1965 by a scientist working on a drug
for peptic ulcers, for the US pharmaceutical company G D Searle. It
was approved as a sweetener by the Food and Drugs Administration
(FDA) in July 1974. The approval was revoked in December the same
year because of objections - tests showed 'lab' rats being given
aspartame developed brain tumours.
In response to the concerns raised the FDA set up a public board of
inquiry (PBOI). In October 1980 the PBOI unanimously recommended
that aspartame should not be approved until additional studies were
performed to establish whether or not a relationship existed
between the ingestion of aspartame and brain tumours.
In 1981, however, and before any further tests, the newly appointed
FDA Commissioner, Arthur Hull Hayes, overruled the PBOI and
approved aspartame for use in dry foods. In 1983 aspartame received
approval for use in beverages.
Hayes soon left the FDA to take his place as paid consultant with
Searle's public relations firm Burson-Marsteller.
What is aspartame? Aspartame is made
of three compounds:
- Phenylalanine. This lowers the seizure threshold in
some individuals, and can cause seizures and brain tumours,
according to the head of Brain Science at Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.
- Aspartic Acid. Causes lesions in the brains of lab
animals as
well as changes their DNA. This means future generations can be
affected; in animal lab tests health problems skipped a generation
and went on to the third, producing obese and sexually
dysfunctional lab animals.
- Methanol. Causes depression. In fluid form,
Methanol (wood
alcohol) breaks down into formic acid (used in industry to strip
epoxy and urethane coatings) and formaldehyde (used for embalming
corpses). An Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assessment of
methanol states that methanol "is considered a cumulative poison
due to the low rate of excretion once it is
absorbed." | |
Affects of aspartame Aspartame consumption has been
connected with many symptoms including headaches, joint pain,
memory loss, numbness, tinnitus, hearing loss, vision problems,
weight gain, rashes, seizures, fatigue, muscle spasms, dizziness,
asthma and chest tightness.
Betty Martini - a tireless campaigner against the use of aspartame
- says that many people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis have lost
all symptoms once they stopped using aspartame.
Check the ingredients labels To avoid aspartame (also
known by the E-number E951) you need to be aware of the widespread
use of it in many of our everyday food products. Not just used in
diet drinks and sugar-free gum, it can also be found in more than
5000 other food/drug items, even some nutritional supplements!
Is there a natural alternative? Yes - Stevia.
Stevia is a natural, sweet-tasting, non-toxic plant that has no
calories, lowers blood pressure and inhibits fat absorption. It is
diabetic-safe as it does not adversely affect blood sugar. It is
heat stable to 200 degrees Celsius (392 degrees Fahrenheit) so is
safe for use in cooking and can be added to hot drinks. It is said
to be 10-40 times sweeter than sugar and can be bought in both
powder and liquid form.
Japan has been using stevia to sweeten many food products, such as
ice cream, bread, candies, pickles, soft drinks and chewing gum,
since the mid 1970s. By the late 1980s, stevia represented
approximately 41 percent of the market share of potently sweet
products consumed in Japan.
Other countries using Stevia today include
Thailand, China, South Korea, Paraguay and Brazil.
In fact, Stevia has been used around the world for at least 1500
years with no reported side-effects, yet it has not been approved
as a food additive in the US because "We don't have enough data to
conclude that the use [in food] would be safe," (quoted from an
agency position paper).
(Aspartame, on the other hand, is a constant source of complaint. A
former FDA investigator admits that approximately 75 percent of all
the 'adverse reaction' complaints the FDA receives are related to
aspartame!)
There will be no race to test Stevia for approval while there is
big money to be made from chemical substances such as aspartame
because being a natural substance Stevia can't be patented by the
huge pharmaceutical corporations.
Though not yet approved in the US as a food additive, Stevia can be
sold, and consumed, as a 'dietary supplement'. In what way the FDA
can justify how a natural food substance is safe as a supplement
but unsafe as an additive is puzzling.
Stevia in the UK? In the UK it is not possible to buy
stevia from shops or other suppliers. The EU have totally banned
sales and use of stevia for any purpose. So, in the EU the choice
seems to be between the empty calories of sugar and the chemical
toxins of aspartame.
Luckily, you can order stevia over the internet from several
companies. Ones that will ship to the UK (from the US) include:
www.stevianow.com/steviastore/Default.htm
www.steviva.com
Shipping is charged at cost and delivery is fast.
www.HerbalAdvantage.com
$81 for one pound of 100% pure Stevia extract powder (some
companies add Malto-Dextrin - a sugar!). A Special Offer for
readers of Alternative HealthZine - Order one pound of Stevia
extract powder for $81 and pay no shipping, packaging or
insurance!
Life is Sweet If you are looking for a
healthy (and readily available) alternative to refined sugar
and chemical sweeteners, one of the best is blackstrap
molasses. This contains calcium, iron, and B vitamins, and it
has about a quarter of the calories of refined sugar.
But the best source of sweetness must come from fruit. There are so
many varieties of sweet fruits - enough to satisfy the sweetest
tooth. With fruits and vegetables making up about 80% of your diet
(in an ideal world) you should get all the sweetness you need
naturally with no additives.
Other links:
dangers of refined sugar:
www.hps-online.com/foodprof1.htm
questions and answers: canceranswer.homestead.com/SugarBlues.html
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