2005.
Awaiting revision 2007
Our National Obsession with Protein
As a society
we are obsessed with protein, and I believe we eat far too much of
it. That's a reason many kids are overweight. Kids under age three
only need about one gram of protein per pound body weightper day,
older children and teenagers need half that. Given the content of
protein in a Western diet, these are extremely easy requirements to
meet.
An important aspect of our eating plan is that protein is very
difficult to digest compared to carbohydrates and fats. When
present in significant quantities, protein not only slows down, but
also blocks the digestion of carbohydrates and fats, leading to
undigested food and obesity. Proper digestion is the key to being
slim.
Even The American Academy of Pediatrics Guide to Your Child's
Nutrition, a home nutrition reference, declares that "protein is so
abundant in the foods Americans eat, that most of us, children and
adults alike, consume more than we need. Protein overload may be a
more serious problem than protein deficiency."
Despite this, we keep hearing that we need more protein. In fact,
the current "pop" trend in dieting is to push protein. When asked
what should make up a balanced diet, even my kids say that protein
is good and fat is bad. And they add that you can't ever get too
much protein. Tell that to the kidneys of America, bombarded with
all that urea nitrogen and creatinine to metabolize.
Our bodies are exquisitely designed to burn nutrients for fuel in a
very specific way. Carbohydrates are the main fuel source. When
they are depleted, the body chooses fats next, the one nutrient
designed specifically for storage and reserve energy. When fats are
depleted, protein, the body's main structural component, is used,
but only when severe depletion of carbohydrates and fats occur, a
state commonly known as starvation or ketosis. Because protein for
energy is primarily used to build cellular structures - not to
create energy - metabolizing protein for energy is an incredibly
inefficient way for the body to produce fuel.
People who go on high-protein diets
are, in fact, starving themselves, which is why they are so
successful in losing weight in the short term. But it's downright
dangerous for the long term.
When the body metabolizes fats and proteins in the absence of
essential carbohydrates, toxic byproducts are produced. These
by-products are known as ketones or ketone bodies. When these build
up to a high enough level in the body, an abnormal state known as
ketosis is created. Those on high-protein diets desire ketosis,
although it is abnormal and unsafe. They can tell by the way they
feel, in fact, that they are going into ketosis because they feel a
"high," and when they feel this "high," they know their
high-protein diets are effective. In actual fact, this feeling
heralds the beginning of a state of starvation.
Physiologically, ketones behave very much like psychotropic drugs.
At low levels, they create a sense of euphoria - the ketotic "high"
well known to high-protein dieters. At high levels, they produce
sleepiness and disorientation. At even higher levels, coma can
result.
Diabetics who receive insufficient insulin can get into this state
quite quickly. The coma seen in newly diagnosed diabetics is due to
extreme ketosis, combined with the acidosis produced when the body
goes too long without sufficient carbohydrates.
The difference between diabetics and high-protein dieters is that
diabetics actually consume carbohydrates, but because they lack the
insulin to drive glucose into the cells, they replicate starvation
on a cellular level. The result is a break-down in fats and
proteins producing ketosis, which can lead to the so-called
diabetic coma.
Obviously, untreated diabetes represents the most severe example of
carbohydrate deficiency. Yet, it is important to realize that
high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets can also produce ketosis
harmful to the brain and central nervous system. Many who have
tried these fad diets have experienced the light-headedness and
occasional fainting associated with this unhealthy approach to
eating.
To recommend high-protein diets to children and adolescents is
unconscionable. Complex carbohydrates must be the key to every
child's eating plan, as they are with the Slim & Fit plan. They
are crucial for the rapid energy production required by active
lives and allow for the proper balance of structure and function
required by the developing nervous system.
Still the perpetuation of the protein myth continues. Even the
mainstream media seems to have fallen victim to the advertising
clout of the meat and dairy industries. I feel sorry for parents
who must rely on what they read in popular magazines and see on
television for their nutritional information. They look upon these
sources as authoritative and therefore believe everything they read
in them. Should they believe everything they read?
Not long ago Good Housekeeping magazine published a very misleading
article by a reputable nutritionist stating that there wasn't
enough protein in The New Beverly Hills Diet. The author said that
by concentrating on fruit and carbohydrates, people participating
in the diet ran the risk of protein deficiency, scaring readers
into thinking that their muscles and organs would begin to break
down if they followed the diet. All this hysteria because the diet
did not include that wonderful American dietary icon - meat - in
every meal. It pleases me that at long last even Uncle Sam has
given those who choose to be vegetarian "permission." The federal
government has recently updated its nutritional guidelines telling
us that even vegetarian diets, as long as they are well rounded,
provide Americans with more than enough protein to maintain healthy
bodies.
PROTEIN ALTERNATIVES
While I'm not recommending you or your child become a full-fledged
vegetarian, you really need to think seriously about the amount of
animal protein you and your child ingest, and start looking for
other sources of protein that are easier to digest and will compete
less with the digestion of fats and carbohydrates - sources that
may, in fact, be healthier than meat, given the insecticides,
antibiotics, hormones and fertilizers present in most of the meat
products we eat.
Soy, an excellent protein source, could, I think, provide the
answer to many of our nutritional problems, particularly those of
children. Soy can literally replace animal proteins in all areas of
diet. In the short term, soy is extremely beneficial in that it
provides carbohydrates, calcium and fiber. Over the course of a
lifetime, there is evidence that soy offers protection against
heart disease, osteoporosis and elevated cholesterol.
The soybean is a recent addition to our agricultural repertoire. It
comes to us from the Far East, where it is considered almost sacred
by some Buddhist vegetarians. In America, soy is attracting
enormous attention because of its amazing versatility as a healthy,
non-meat protein source.
Soy has other advantages, too. It's a great source of natural zinc,
an element that's proving more and more important to healthy diet.
It contains phytoestrogens, an estrogen receptor blocker,
especially important since the estrogens found in meats have been
connected to prostate and breast cancer. Phytoestrogens in soy can
potentially block the effects of these chemicals and hormones
providing protection against the carcinogens found in our other
food products. Can soy also lessen the potential growth-promoting
influences of these hormones? Ongoing research will hopefully give
us the answers to these questions.
By Judy Mazel and John E Monaco
MD
(Extracted with kind permission from
their book
'Slim & Fit Kids: Raising Healthy
Children in a
Fast-Food World', pub. Health
Communications Inc)
http://slimandfitkids.com
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